If a horse persists in going with its head to one side, slacken the rein and then pull tight; if that fails attach a cord; if that is not enough make an incision and when it has healed tie a knot over it; if even that does not cure and the animal is hard-mouthed, run a cord from that side to the opposite hind-leg. If it turns on one side only, fasten the cord on that side. and if it does the same right and left, fasten the cord on both sides.
If a horse shakes its mouth, sit erect on the line of the girth pressing with your thighs the flanks of the animal, and hold the rein firmly. If the mouth is tender pull the rein lightly without touching the cheekbone, and let the bit hang loose.
If the mouth is hard make a slight wound, and make use of your hands so that the animal feels them.
If the mouth is open, lower down the string round the muzzle and the bit as well, tighten the birth and hold the rein lightly, and keep the animal under your control.
If the animal bends its body, hold the rein tightly, it will come round.
Obstinacy is not easy to cure; use a string round the mouth so that it cannot open it. shorten the bit, hold the rein tightly, and it will give up the habit.
If it goes with its mouth open draw in the ring round the muzzle, and the mouth will be closed, tighten the girth also, and hold the rein firmly.
If it does not walk with its buttocks open, shift your seat a little toward the croup and let the animal feel your hands. If it has the same defect in the forearms, apply rings round the knees, if it persists twist tightly five strings round the hoofs, and even after this if it does not give up the habit fully, make an incision in the mouth, and it will come round soon.
